Three three schools of thoughts that have enduring influence on the ways Chinese think and behave include:
- Confucianism
- Taoism
- Legalism
A book that has far-reaching impact on strategy planning for businesses was also written during this period. It was The Art of War by Sun Tzu.
Confucianism
Confucianism is based on the Confucius teachings (551–479 BC), which believes that every individual has a prescribed role to play in each social organizations that he is in, from family to a state. The prescribed role leads to prescribed relationships with others. "Let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject," he said.
He advocated that leaders, from heads of households to rulers of states, must be virtuous in order to rule properly. Every aspects of life had to be sustained by ethical values.
Taoism
Taoism is attributed to the legendary sage Lao Tzu (Laozi). In contrast to Confucianism that stresses an individual's social roles and responsibilities, Taoism seeks adjustment and adaptation of oneself to the rhythm of the natural.
While it may sound contradicting to the rigidity of Confucianism, it reflects the other side of the coin -- the softer side of the mindset.
It is equally important for understanding how the Chinese think and behave. |
